Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) of about 265 over a 100-year period, meaning it contributes approximately 265 times more to warming than CO2 per unit of mass. It is one of six gases regulated under international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol. Major sources of nitrous oxide emissions include agricultural activities—particularly animal waste management and nitrogen fertilizer use—and certain industrial processes, such as the production of nitric acid and adipic acid. Nitrous oxide also results from combustion processes, waste management, and other land use practices. Despite its relatively small contribution to overall greenhouse gases, its high GWP makes it an important target for emission reduction efforts in climate policy, as it remains in the atmosphere for over 100 years on average and has a significant impact on global warming.
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